Publication date: 10th April 2014
Increasing interest has been paid to label-free biosensors in recent years. Among them, refractive index (RI) optical biosensors enable high density and the chip-scale integration of optical components. This makes them more appealing to develop lab-on-a-chip devices.Today, many RI integrated optical (IO) devices are made using silicon-based materials, although other polymeric materials, as SU-8 photoresist are also employed.A key issue in their development is the biofunctionalization of sensing surfaces because they provide a specific, sensitive response to the analyte of interest. The biofunctionalization approach must fulfil requirements such as: favoring the receptor attachment that induces selectivity to a target of interest; preventing surface fouling; changing the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the surface, while maintaining the sensing system’s physical (optical, mechanical, etc.) properties; few reaction steps; low optical adsorption at the working wavelengths; homogeneously thin layer formation; good surface coverage; reproducibility; robustness; low nonspecific binding; minimal sample and reagents consumption; easy handling; biocompatible conditions (pH, ionic strength, solvent, etc.); and integrability with mass-scale fabrication.The work developed in our research group focuses on the chemical surface modification of silicon based materials and SU-8, on the capture agent attachment (biofunctionalization), on the optimization of the bioassay formats, and on the characterization techniques that are needed to finally set up an IO biosensor. Here, it is provided an overview of the most relevant results obtained in the development of these devices and their demonstration for model system and for real sample biosensing.