Proceedings of International Conference Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2018 (AP-HOPV18)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.ap-hopv.2018.045
Publication date: 27th October 2017
The good matching of the energy levels between different components in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one of the reasons that contributes to the high efficiency of the device. However, the electron transfer mechanism is limited by the electron mobility and the trap density of the TiO2 compact layer. Modification of the electron transporting layer (ETL) could improve the electron mobility, reduce the electron trapping and decrease the electron recombination reaction. This modification could be achieved through a slightly higher (spike-like) conduction band of the ETL compared to that of perovskite layer rather than the normal cliff-like structure. The spike-like energy structure is not new where it is already used in the Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) and Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) solar cells. In this study, Mg-doping was used to tune the conduction band of the TiO2 compact layer forming a spike-like structure. Comparing the un-doped PSCs, the doped PSCs showed increasing power conversion efficiency from 9.35% to 11.12% together with an increase in the JSC and VOC. The lower trap-state density of the doped PSCs has been determined from Thermally Stimulated Current measurement. Through this doping process, the conduction band has been increased from 3.46 eV to 3.60 eV and thus helped to increase the VOC. It is believed that the surface of the TiO2 has been passivated by the Mg which allowed for the reduction of the back-recombination reaction as determined from the dark current measurement. However, it is found that if the band offset is too high, the electron transfer will become impossible and lead to lower efficiency. We found that a band offset of less than 0.3 eV between the CB of the TiO2 and perovskite material is good in terms of electron transfer mechanism. The modification of the ETL using cliff-like structure will provide another aspect of improving the efficiency of PSCs which could simultaneously reduce back-recombination reaction while enhancing the electron mobility.
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International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV) is celebrated yearly in May. The main topics are the development, function and modeling of materials and devices for hybrid and organic solar cells. The field is now dominated by perovskite solar cells but also other hybrid technologies, as organic solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells and their integration into devices for photoelectrochemical solar fuel production.
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