Proceedings of International Conference Asia-Pacific Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics 2018 (AP-HOPV18)
Publication date: 27th October 2017
Environmental Stability of Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells at 1 sun.
Perovskite solar cells (PVs) are very promising due to high efficiency and low manufacturing cost, but stability and toxicity remain key challenges. In particular, the mixed APbX3 perovskite consisting of A cations (Cs, Rb, FA, MA) and B anions (I, Br) have been gaining much attention due to higher efficiency and greater thermal stability compared with MAPbI3. However, the question regarding the stability to various environmental stresses such as oxygen (O2) and humidity (H2O) at a moderate temperature under 1 sun continuous illumination has not been fully addressed.
To address this question, we fabricated Glass/FTO/ETL/APbX3/HTL/Au devices, where HTL is spiro-OMeTAD, ETL is compact/mesoporous TiO2. APbX3 is prepared using FAI, PbI2, MABr, PbBr2 in DMSO/DMF into which CsI or Cs/RbI in DMSO were added. PVs were loaded in a stainless capsule, which is equipped with electrical connectors, a quartz window for illumination and inlets for gas flow. All the processes from the fabrication to the encapsulation were performed in an Ar-filled glove box (O2/H2O~100ppm) to prevent exposure to air. PVs were tested under continuous illumination (1sun, 100mW/cm2, A.M. 1.5, with 420nm UV cut filter, WACOM WXS-200S) at constant temperature (Hitachi EC-45HHP chamber). Jsc, Voc, FF and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were extracted from I-V curves.
We find that PVs consisting Cs or Cs/Rb are relatively stability in Ar environment (O2/H2O~100ppm) under continuous illumination at a temperature up to 60oC. However, upon intentional exposure to few 1000ppm of O2 and H2O, we observed that Jsc and PCE sharply decrease with increasing the illumination time, while Voc and FF are almost constant. In addition, PVs exposed only to O2/Ar (0.1vol% in Ar) reveal that Jsc and PCE sharply decrease and partly recovers in pure Ar. The effect of O2 was observed under illumination, but not in dark. Furthermore, PVs exposed only to H2O/Ar (RH 1~10% in Ar) reveal that Jsc and PCE sharply decrease, but almost recovers in pure Ar. The effect of H2O was observed under illumination and dark. It is important to stress that the decay and the partial recovery of Jsc and PCE are different, which obviously steam from different reaction paths and degradation mechanisms.
We shall present our results, discuss the mechanisms and suggest strategies for improving the environmental stability.
Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the grant from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (Japan).
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