DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.amamed.2022.010
Publication date: 22nd April 2022
Cancer is estimated to impact more than 20 million people globally in the next years. To control this global burden, more selective and effective treatments are required, relying on combinatorial therapies targeting multiple components of the disease, minimizing compensatory mechanisms that could result in relapse and resistance to treatment. Nanotechnology, and Nanoparticles (NPs) in particular, are expected to provide a range of devices for cancer diagnosis and treatment (theranostics) as their sizes are well matched in size to biologic molecules and cell structures. Gold NPs (AuNPs) have been extensively investigated and applied in conjunction with biomolecules due to their ease of synthesis and functionalization derived from their large surface area to volume ratio. This way, several strategies have been proposed based on AuNPs simultaneously functionalized with therapeutic moieties (drugs, compounds, and RNAi molecules) and targeting molecules (peptides, antibodies, etc) for the delivery of the effector molecules to specific cells, which may be combined with other therapeutic modalities, such as for photo-triggered hyperthermia.
We have been using AuNPs for combined delivery of anticancer nanotherapeutics in vitro/in vivo via precise active targeting to cancer cells, capable of gene silencing of crucial pathways involved in cancer development. We have also demonstrated the potential for the combined delivery of gene silencing with chemotherapeutics-loaded nanoparticles to downregulate proliferation pathways and angiogenesis. More recently, we have used AuNPs for photothermal potentiation of chemotherpaeutics. We shall discuss the potential of these combinatory approaches towards the development of effective nanomedicines.
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