Modification of TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 interface with KCl, KI, or KBr in planar perovskite solar cells
Amrita Yasin a, Adam Pockett a, Catherine De Castro a, James McGettrick a, Cecile Charbonneau a
a SPECIFIC, College of Engineering Swansea University, SPECIFIC, Baglan Bay Innovation Centre, Central Avenue, Baglan, Port Talbot, SA12 7AX, United Kingdom
NIPHO
Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics, Photonics and Optoelectronics (ABXPV18PEROPTO)
Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics (ABXPV18). 27-28 Feb
Rennes, France, 2018 February 27th - March 1st
Organizer: Jacky Even
Oral, Amrita Yasin, presentation 075
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.abxpvperopto.2018.075
Publication date: 11th December 2017

This work showcases our research on modification of compact TiO2 electron transport layers (ETLs) at the TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 interface for application in planar lead halide perovskite solar cells. Compact TiO2 ETLs were formed via spraying of a commercially available titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) precursor on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass followed by annealing at 550 C. These layers were subsequently spin coated with aqueous solutions of 10mM and 40mM of KX (X = Cl-, I-, Br-, prior to CH3NH3PbI3 deposition. Presence of potassium and X- ions on the TiO2 surface is evident via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, and individual crystals can be seen on the modified TiO2 films via scanning electron microsope (SEM) images. Furthermore, the KX crystals provide a template for denser crystallization of the overlying CH3NH3PbI3 layers resulting in higher perovskite coverage and reduction in pinhole density, as compared to untreated TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 films. For KCl and KI treated layers the CH3NH3PbI3 grain size is higher for 40 mM compared to 10 mM treatment; however for KBr treated layers, the grain size does not change significantly between the two treatments. The absorbance of TiO2/KX/ CH3NH3PbI3 films does not show much difference, however photoluminescence spectra show improved photoluminescence quenching for the all modified TiO2/KX/ CH3NH3PbI3 films compared to the TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3. Preliminary results show that against a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 8.25% in the reverse direction for unmodified planar devices, KI modified devices reach up to 11.57%, followed by KBr at 10.22%. and finally KCl at 8.09% .

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