Proceedings of Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics (ABXPV16)
Publication date: 14th December 2015
Abstract:Hybrid lead halide perovskite-based solar cells have rapidly reached very large solar to electricity power conversion efficiencies. The most extensively studied has been the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite (or its analogous but using chlorine precursor: CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) as absorber materials, in combination with electron (TiO2) and hole (spiro-OMeTAD) selective contacts. Recent experimental work shows a connection between capacitive current and hysteresis behavior in hybrid lead halide perovskites.1 The microscopic phenomena responsible for capacitive currents is the ionic electrode polarization, similar to double layer capacitive effects, while the perovskite absorber layer behaves as a mixed conductor able to interact with the contacting transport layers. Here we show how contact phenomena distort the current-voltage curve by using different cell structures. We differentiate the different types of interactions of the standard electrode contacts. They display qualitatively diverse sources of reactivity at the interface between MAPbI3 and the transporting layers which give rise to distinct current-voltage curves. At TiO2 contact, reversible capacitive currents are observed. On the other hand irreversible ionic reaction occurs between mobile ions in MAPbI3 and spiro-OMeTAD organic hole extracting layer. Only the latter irreversible behavior may cause significant long term aging by reduction of spiro-OMeTAD conductivity, and it is therefore a key point for engineering of the solar cell towards long time robust operation. Further fundamental experiments have revealed the electrical structure of the interfacial double-layer formed by mobile ions at non-interacting Au contacts providing an overall picture of ionic interfacial effects.
1. Almora, O.; Zarazua, I.; Mas-Marza, E.; Mora-Sero, I.; Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G., Capacitive Dark Currents, Hysteresis, and Electrode Polarization in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2015, 6, 1645−1652.
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