Vapour assisted morphological tailoring by reducing metal defect sites in lead-free, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 perovskite solar cells for improved performance and long-term stability

Sagar Jain^a, Gerrit Boschloo^b, James Durrant^c

^aSPECIFIC, College of Engineering Swansea University, SPECIFIC, Baglan Bay Innovation Centre, Central Avenue, Baglan, Port Talbot, SA12 7AX, United Kingdom

^bUppsala University, Ångström Laboratory, Sweden, Lägerhyddsvägen, 1, Uppsala, Sweden

^cDepartment of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom

International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV18)

Benidorm, Spain, 2018 May 28th - 31st

Organizers: Emilio Palomares and Rene Janssen

Oral, Sagar Jain, presentation 001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.hopv.2018.001
Publication date: 21st February 2018

Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable improvement in certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) [1] of >22%. Nevertheless, many challenges regarding the stability and toxicity of the lead based perovskite material remains at the forefront of current research. The toxicity of lead which is present in a rather water-soluble form in perovskite solar cells remains an environmental concern, that is yet to be resolved. The bismuth based zero-dimensional perovskite shows a high band gap (Eg) ≈ 1.8 eV [2], [3 - 6] which makes it a suitable candidate for application in tandem solar cells. Recently, layered bismuth triiodide (BiI3) has also been used in solar cells as photoactive materials. [7-8] with the highest reported efficiency of 0.3%. [8] However, there are very few attempts to make pure bismuth triiodide based solar cells and also lack in systematic investigation on morphological tailoring, a viable route to fully utilize the potential of this material is to fine-tune the desired composition and properties for CH3NH3I_BiI3 material without any doping. In this direction, we report the vapor assisted solution process (VASP) two-step method to prepare bismuth perovskite samples at different reaction time The samples prepared at an optimum reaction time of 25 minutes exposure of MAI(v) give reproducible power conversion efficiency upto 2 %, (FF = 0.75%, Jsc = 2.9 mA/cm2, VoC = 0.91 V), highest so far reported for methyl amine based bismuth perovskite devices. This work demonstrates the efficacy of the VASP process in producing highly compact films that give improved optoelectronic performance.

(1) https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/images/efficiency-chart.png

(2) A. J. Lehner, D. H. Fabini, H. A. Evans, C. A. Hébert, S. R. Smock, J. Hu, H. Wang, J. W. Zwanziger, M. L. Chabinyc and R. Seshadri, Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 7137−7148.

(3) Dammak, H.; Yangui, A.; Triki, S.; Abid, Y.; Feki, H., J. Lumin. 2015, 161, 214−220

(4) N. Kubota, Crys. Res. Technol. 2001, 36 , 749 - 769

(5) C. Lan, Journal of alloys and compounds, 2017, 701, 834-840

(6) Y. Kim, Z. Yang, A. Jain, O. Voznyy, Gi-H. Kim, M. Liu, L. N. Quan, F. P. G.

d. Arquer, R. Comin, J. Z. Fan and E. H. Sargent, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2016, 55, 9586-9590

(7) H. Dammak, A. Yangui, S. Triki, Y. Abid, H. Feki, J. Lumin., 2015, 161, 214−220

(8) A. J. Lehner, Applied physics letters, 2015, 107, 1-4

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